Regional Differences of China′s Urban Expansion from Late 20th to Early 21st Century Based on Remote Sensing Information   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1  

Jiyuan Liu  Qian Zhang  Yunfeng Hu 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2012,22(1):1-14

This study investigated the regional differences of China′s urban land expansion from the late 1980s to the year of 2008, based on the spatio-temporal analysis of CLCD (China′s land cover/land use database) datasets which were mainly produced from remote sensing imagery data. A newly defined urbanization level index (UI), based on urban land area, is proposed to describe Chinese urban expansion process at 1 kilometer, provincial, regional, and na-tional scales, together with the absolute urban expansion index (UEa) and the relative urbanization expansion index (UEr). The results indicate that the percentages of total land area occupied by urban in the late 1980s, 1995, 2000, 2005, and 2008 were approximately 0.25%, 0.32%, 0.33%, 0.43% and 0.52% of China′s total land area, respectively. Between the late 1980s and 2008, the total urban expansion in the mainland of China was 2.645 × 104 km2, resulting in an annual urban expansion area of about 1322.7 km2/yr, with the UEr of 111.9%. This study also finds that there has been an obvious spatial gradient of urbanization ratio running from the east coast to the west inland, and the urbanization gaps among different regions have persisted over the past two decades. The study also reveals obvious temporal varia-tions of the urbanization rates. There was very little urban growth during the period of 1995-2000 due to the governmental policy factors.  相似文献   

Seasonal and inter-annual variations of the primary types of the Arctic sea-ice drifting patterns   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

WANG Xiaoyu  ZHAO Jinping 《极地研究(英文版)》2012,23(2):72-81

Abstract Monthly mean sea ice motion vectors and monthly mean sea level pressure （SLP） for the period of 1979-2006 are investigated to understand the spatial and temporal changes of Arctic sea-ice drift. According to the distinct differences in monthly mean ice velocity field as well as in the distribution of SLP, there are four primary types in the Arctic Ocean： Beaufort Gyre＋Transpolar Drift, Anticyclonic Drift, Cyclonic Drift and Double Gyre Drift. These four types account for 81% of the total, and reveal distinct seasonal variations. The Cyclonic Drift with a large-scale anticlockwise ice motion pattern trends to prevail in summer while the Anticyclonic Drift with an opposite pattern trends to prevail in winter and spring. The prevailing seasons for the Beaufort Gyre＋Transpolar Drift are spring and autumn, while the Double Gyre Drift trends to prevail in winter, especially in Feb- ruary. The annual occurring times of the Anticyclonic Drift and the Cyclonic Drift are closely correlated with the yearly mean Arc- tic Oscillation （AO） index, with a correlation coefficient of -0.54 and 0.54 （both significant with the confident level of 99%）, re- spectively. When the AO index stays in a high positive （negative） condition, the sea-ice motion in the Arctic Ocean demonstrates a more anticlockwise （clockwise） drifting pattern as a whole. When the AO index stays in a neutral condition, the sea-ice motion becomes much more complicated and more transitional types trend to take place.  相似文献   

�����������������۲����ϵij�������   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郝洪涛  李辉  孙少安 《大地测量与地球动力学》2012,32(6):54-58

?????????1991????????????????????????????????????1998?????6.2??????????????????????????????????  相似文献   

基于水色遥感的黄、东海叶绿素a浓度季节和年际变化特征分析   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

郑小慎  魏皓  王玉衡 《海洋与湖沼》2012,43(3):649-654

海洋叶绿素a浓度是衡量海洋浮游植物的生物量和富营养化程度的最基本指标之一。黄、东海叶绿素a浓度年际变化显著,其影响因素需深入分析。本文依据黄、东海的地理位置、水深和生态特征将其分为5个区域进行研究。由5个区域叶绿素a浓度的季节变化可以看出,水华发生早晚依次是黄海西岸—北黄海中部—南黄海中部—东海陆架区—东海近岸海区。从年际变化可以看出,除东海陆架外,其它4个区域的变化幅度均较大。在冬季和夏季,5个区域的基础生物量在2008年均达到最低;在春季和秋季,黄、东海近岸和北黄海中部的年际变化较大,5个区域在2006年春季均达到最高;2009年秋季较其它年份均低。5个区域基础生物量由高到低为:黄、东海近岸较高,然后是北黄海中部和南黄海中部,东海陆架最低。从与水温、风速和有效光合辐射的相关分析来看,浮游植物生长的年际变化受海面风速的影响较大。近岸区域水体混合均匀,营养盐丰富,风速较小时水体稳定有利于浮游植物生长,而水深较深区域,风速较大时,营养盐易补充到表层,有利于浮游植物生长。  相似文献   

高原湖泊鱼类生长特性与形态差异研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

费骥慧  邵晓阳 《海洋与湖沼》2012,43(4):789-796

根据2009年8—11月洱海流域采集的2991尾鱼类样本,研究了其生长特性与形态差异。结果表明,洱海流域大部分鱼类表现为匀速生长或近匀速生长,但有两种鱼类(中华青、大理裂腹鱼)呈现强异速生长。肥满度以吃食性鱼类最高(鲫、鲤、团头鲂),滤食性鱼类次之(鲢、鳙)。对主要优势种——麦穗鱼、鲫的形态分析表明,洱海麦穗鱼、鲫种群与西湖、茈碧湖、海西海三个湖泊的麦穗鱼、鲫种群在形态上均无显著差异。西湖、茈碧湖、海西海三个湖泊的麦穗鱼种群之间以及鲫种群之间均存在种群间差异(C.D<1.28),其中茈碧湖、海西海两个湖泊的鲫种群在眼径/头长性状上的差异达到亚种水平(C.D=1.5)。  相似文献   

����ͳ��ѧģ���ڱ������з����е�Ӧ��     

李增科  高井祥  王坚  周锋 《大地测量与地球动力学》2012,32(4):99-102

?????????????????????????????GPS???μ?????????????????е??????? ???????????????????????????￥??????????У????ú??????????б????????????????з???????????????????????????е?????????????????????GPS????????￥???????о???????????????????????????Щ?????????????????????е?????????  相似文献   

Impact of seasonal tide variation on saltwater intrusion in the Changjiang River estuary   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

裘诚  朱建荣  顾玉亮 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2012,30(2):342-351

An improved 3-D ECOM-si model was used to study the impact of seasonal tide variation on saltwater intrusion into the Changjiang River estuary, especially at the bifurcation of the North Branch (NB) and the South Branch (SB). The study assumes that the river discharge and wind are constant. The model successfully reproduced the saltwater intrusion. During spring tide, there is water and salt spillover (WSO and SSO) from the NB into the SB, and tidally averaged (net) water and salt fluxes are 985 m3/s and 24.8 ton/s, respectively. During neap tide, the WSO disappears and its net water flux is 122 m3/s. Meanwhile, the SSO continues, with net salt flux of 1.01 ton/s, much smaller than during spring tide. Because the tidal range during spring tide is smaller in June than in March, overall saltwater intrusion is weaker in June than in March during that tidal period. However, the WSO and SSO still exist in June. Net water and salt fluxes in that month are 622 m3/s and 15.35 ton/s, respectively, decreasing by 363 m3/s and 9.45 ton/s over those in March. Because tidal range during neap tide is greater in June than in March, saltwater intrusion in June is stronger than in March during that tidal period. The WSO and SSO appear in June, with net water and salt fluxes of 280 m3/s and 8.55 ton/s, respectively, increasing by 402 m3/s and 7.54 ton/s over those in March. Saltwater intrusion in the estuary is controlled by the river discharge, semi-diurnal flood-ebb tide, semi-monthly spring or neap tide, and seasonal tide variation.  相似文献   

Impacts of mariculture practices on the temporal distribution of macrobenthos in Sandu Bay,South China   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

周进 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2012,30(3):388-396

Sandu Bay is located in the East China Sea and is characterized by high-density fish farming and kelp culture. Despite this, little is known about the impacts of these different mariculture practices on the local environment. We investigated the temporal variation in macrobenthos and environmental conditions at three sites in the bay (fish farming site, kelp culture site, and a control site). We collected water and sediment samples during nine cruises between May 2009 and February 2010. The density of macrobenthos peaked at the fish farming site in July (655 ind./m2) whereas density did not fluctuate as widely at the other two sites. Biomass varied significantly at both the control and kelp culture sites, but had only a single peak at the fish farming site in June (21.90 g/m2). The dominant species varied throughout the study period at the control and kelp culture sites, whereas a single terebellid species (Lysilla pacifica) dominated the macrobenthos at the fish farming site. The diversity index H’ increased at the control site beginning in February then decreased after May, whereas H’ was low at the other sites in December. The mean dissolved oxygen level was highest at the control site (6.59 mg/L) and lowest at the fish farming site (5.54 mg/L). DO levels were lowest at all sites in summer (July and August). The sediment acid volatile sulfide content was higher at the fish farming site (1.46 mg/g dry weight) than those at the kelp culture and control sites (1.22 and 0.14 mg/g, respectively). Our results suggest that mariculture practices have a clear impact on the benthic environment/ community in Sandu Bay.  相似文献   

����GRACE����������ģ���о��й���������ˮ�����仯   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘任莉  李建成  褚永海 《大地测量与地球动力学》2012,32(2):39-43

????GRACE?????????????2003-01??2010-12?μ???????????????????????й??????????仯??????????????????????????????????????????????????仯??????????????????GRACE??????????仯??????????????????2009-09??2010-04?μ???????????????????????????  相似文献   

The trend on runoff variations in the Lhasa River Basin     

LIN Xuedong  ZHANG Yili  YAO Zhijun  GONG Tongliang  WANG Hong  CHU Duo  LIU Linshan  ZHANG Fei 《地理学报》2008,18(1):95-106

Taking the Lhasa River Basin above Lhasa hydrological station in Tibetan Plateau as a study area, the characteristics of the annual and monthly mean runoff during 1956?2003 were analyzed, based on the hydro-data of the two hydrological stations (Lhasa and Tanggya) and the meteorological data of the three meteorological stations (Damxung, Lhasa and Tanggya). The trends and the change points of runoff and climate from 1956 to 2003 were detected using the nonparametric Mann-Kendall test and Pettitt-Mann-Whitney change-point statistics. The correlations between runoff and climate change were analyzed using multiple linear regression. The major results could be summarized as follows: (1) The annual mean runoff during the last 50 years is characterized by a great fluctuation and a positive trend with two change points (around 1970 and the early 1980s), after which the runoff tended to in-crease and was increasing intensively in the last 20 years. Besides, the monthly mean runoff with a positive trend is centralized in winter half-year (November to April) and some other months (May, July and September). (2) The trends of the climate change in the study area are generally consistent with the trend of the runoff, but the leading climate factors which aroused the runoff variation are distinct. Precipitation is the dominant factor influencing the annual and monthly mean runoff in summer half year, while temperature is the primary factor in winter season.  相似文献